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The most common bone and joint injuries are: Fractures, Dislocations, Strains/Sprains.
Common Signs and Symptoms: Deformity, Bruising, Swelling, Bone fragmentation, Lack of range of motion, Hearing a snapping or popping sound at the time of injury
First Aid Steps:
1. Ensure scene safety
2. Dial 911 if needed
3. Get PPE and first aid kit
4. Clean and dress any open wound without moving a deformed limb
5. Immobilize a fracture or dislocation by using a sling or padding to secure the affected area
6. Compression wrap a sprain/strain and apply ice if available
7. Elevate the sprain/strain if not painful
Special Note: While fractures and dislocations should be immobilized without moving them, sprains and strains should be treated with R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation).
A burn is an injury caused by exposure to heat or a flame. Burns can be caused by a flame, chemicals, electricity and even friction. There are three classifications of burns.
Common Symptoms:
First Degree Burn (Superficial): Affects the outer layer of skin, are painful and cause reddening
Second Degree Burn (Partial Thickness): Affects lower layers of skin and cause reddening, swelling and blistering
Third Degree Burn (Full Thickness): Affects all skin layers and can cause the skin to turn white or black and numb
First Aid Steps:
1. Ensure scene safety
2. Get PPE and first aid kit
3. Any burn that is in flame should be doused with water or smothered with a blanket
4. If the person is on fire, yell STOP-DROP-AND-ROLL
5. Call 911
6. Remove clothing that is not affixed to the burn
7. Wash and clean wound with cool water (1st and 2nd degree)
8. Place a burn dressing (non-adhesive) with topical antibiotic ointment on the burn
9. Perform CPR if necessary
