Pediatric CPR: Special Considerations for Infants and Children
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving technique that can make a critical difference when performed promptly and effectively. When it comes to pediatric CPR – CPR for infants and children – there are specific guidelines and considerations that must be taken into account due to the unique anatomy and physiology of young individuals.
Why Pediatric CPR Differs:
Infants and children have smaller bodies and airways, making them more susceptible to certain emergencies, such as choking or respiratory distress. Their chest sizes are smaller, and their rib cages are more flexible than adults'. These differences require tailored CPR techniques to ensure the best chance of success.
Pediatric CPR Basics:
Pediatric CPR includes both compressions and rescue breaths. However, the ratio of compressions to breaths is slightly different for infants and children:
- Infant CPR: For infants under one year old, use two fingers to perform chest compressions, pressing down about 1.5 inches deep at a rate of around 100-120 compressions per minute. Give two gentle rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.
- Child CPR: For children aged one to puberty, use the heel of one hand for chest compressions, pressing down about 2 inches deep at a rate of around 100-120 compressions per minute. Give two rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.
Choking in Infants and Children:
Choking is a common concern among infants and children due to their tendency to explore objects with their mouths. If a choking child is conscious and coughing forcefully, encourage them to continue coughing to dislodge the object. If they cannot cough, breathe, or make noise, it's time to intervene.
- Infant Choking: Support the infant's head and neck, and position them face-down on your forearm. Use the heel of your hand to deliver five back blows between their shoulder blades, followed by five chest thrusts with two fingers at the center of their chest.
- Child Choking: For conscious children, perform the Heimlich maneuver by standing behind them and making a fist just above the navel. Grasp the fist with your other hand and deliver quick inward and upward thrusts.
AED Use for Children:
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are crucial for restoring normal heart rhythms during cardiac arrest. Some AEDs have pediatric pads or settings that adjust the energy level for children. If pediatric pads or settings are not available, use adult pads and follow the same guidelines for placement.
Pediatric CPR requires specialized knowledge and techniques to address the unique needs of infants and children. Whether you're a parent, caregiver, teacher, or bystander, being familiar with pediatric CPR can mean the difference between life and death. The ability to provide prompt and effective care during emergencies involving children is an essential skill that can empower you to save lives and ensure the well-being of our youngest population.
