Understanding CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure used when a person is in cardiac arrest. CPR combines chest compressions with rescue breaths to help circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and other vital organs until normal circulation returns or professional emergency care takes over.
An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a device that analyzes the heart's electrical rhythm and, when appropriate, delivers a shock that may help restore an effective rhythm.
Why CPR Matters
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood effectively. The person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally. Immediate CPR and early AED use can improve the chance of survival.
The Priorities of CPR
When cardiac arrest is suspected:
- Ensure the scene is safe
- Check responsiveness
- Check for normal breathing
- Call 911 or activate emergency medical services
- Send someone to get an AED when available
- Begin CPR
- Use the AED as soon as it arrives
- Continue CPR and follow the AED prompts until the person shows signs of life or professional rescuers take over
Adults, Children and Infants
CPR techniques vary according to the person's age and development.
For this course:
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Adult: A person showing signs of puberty or older
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Child: Approximately 1 year of age until signs of puberty
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Infant: Younger than 1 year, excluding a newborn immediately after birth
Compression-Only CPR
For an adult who suddenly collapses, a rescuer who is unable or unwilling to provide rescue breaths should provide continuous chest compressions and use an AED as soon as possible.
For infants and children, CPR with both compressions and breaths is preferred because pediatric cardiac arrest is often related to breathing problems.
If a rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide breaths, compression-only CPR is preferable to providing no CPR.
Important Reminder
CPR is emergency care. Activate emergency medical services promptly and follow instructions provided by emergency dispatchers and professional rescuers.
