First Aid Certification Manual: Medical Emergencies II

Shock Emergency

Shock is an acute condition induced by a loss of blood pressure and blood flow throughout the body.

Common Symptoms:  Cool, clammy and pale skin, Rapid pulse, Rapid breathing, Nausea, Enlarged pupils, Weakness, Dizziness

First Aid Steps:

1. Ensure scene safety

2. Dial 911

3. If a wound is present, control the bleeding by applying pressure (while wearing PPE) 

4. Perform CPR if necessary

Stroke Emergency

A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells, due to lack of oxygen, because of an arterial blockage or rupture.

Common Symptoms:  Facial droop, Arm drift, Slurred speech, Partial paralysis, Drooling

First Aid Steps:

1. Ensure scene safety

2. Dial 911

3. Note the time and symptoms 

4. Perform CPR if necessary

Weather-Related Emergencies

Cold-related Injuries:  Cold-related injuries are injuries caused by low enough temperatures that the body cannot adequately heat itself.  Examples of cold-related injuries are:  Hypothermia and Frostbite

Common Symptoms:  Cold shivering stops, Appendage discoloration, Dizziness, Weakness, Nausea, Apathy

First Aid Steps:

1. Ensure scene safety

2. Dial 911 if necessary

3. Get PPE and first aid kit

4. Remove wet or tight clothing

5. Move the victim to a warmer area and warm him/her with blankets

6. Perform CPR if necessary

Heat-related injuries:  Heat-related injuries are injuries caused by high enough temperature that the body cannot adequately cool itself. Examples of heat-related injuries are:  Heat cramps, Heat exhaustion and Heat stroke 

Common Symptoms:  Cramps, Dizziness, Pale skin, High body temperature, Fainting

First Aid Steps:

1. Ensure scene safety

2. Dial 911 if necessary

3. Get PPE and first aid kit

4. Cool the victim down with a cold wet towel on their neck, forehead and axillary regions, loosen their clothing, and offer them water and/or a sports drink

5. Perform CPR if necessary