1. Ensure Safety
Before you start CPR, make sure the environment is safe for both you and the child. Check for any hazards, such as traffic or dangerous substances. If the scene is not safe, do not approach the child; instead, call for help.
2. Assess Responsiveness
Approach the child and gently tap their shoulder while shouting loudly, "Are you okay?" If there's no response, the child is unresponsive, and you need to proceed with CPR.
3. Call for Help
If there is someone nearby, instruct them to call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately. If you are alone, make the call yourself or use a speakerphone while continuing with CPR.
4. Check for Breathing
Place your ear close to the child's mouth and nose while keeping your eyes on their chest. Look for chest movement, listen for breath sounds, and feel for breath on your cheek. Do this for no more than 10 seconds. If the child is not breathing or only gasping for breath, it's time to start CPR.
5. Begin Chest Compressions
Use both hands to perform chest compressions on a child:
- Place the heel of one hand on the center of the child's chest, just below the nipple line.
- Place your other hand on top of the first hand, fingers interlocked.
- Keep your elbows straight and your shoulders directly over your hands.
Press down hard and fast (about 2 inches deep) on the child's chest at a rate of around 100-120 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Effective chest compressions are crucial for circulating blood to vital organs.
6. Give Rescue Breaths (If Trained)
If you are trained in CPR and willing to provide rescue breaths, do so after 30 compressions:
- Tilt the child's head back slightly and lift the chin to open the airway.
- Pinch the child's nose shut.
- Take a normal breath, cover the child's mouth with yours, and give a breath that lasts about one second and makes the chest rise visibly.
- Continue with chest compressions, alternating 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths until help arrives, an AED becomes available, or the child shows signs of life.
7. Use an AED (If Available)
If an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) arrives or becomes available, follow the device's voice prompts. These devices are user-friendly and will guide you through the process. Continue CPR as needed between AED analyses and shocks.
8. Continue CPR Until Help Arrives
Continue CPR until:
- Professional help arrives and takes over.
- The child starts breathing normally.
- You are too exhausted to continue.
Remember that CPR for children requires slightly different techniques and considerations than CPR for adults. It's recommended to take a recognized CPR course for hands-on training and certification, especially if you are responsible for the care of children.
