First Aid for Severe Bleeding Certification Manual: Introduction

Understanding First Aid for Severe Bleeding

First aid for severe bleeding focuses on recognizing and controlling life-threatening external bleeding. Bleeding occurs when blood vessels are damaged and may involve arteries, veins, or capillaries. Suspected internal bleeding cannot be controlled with external pressure and requires immediate emergency medical care.

Direct Pressure for Severe Bleeding

Controlling severe bleeding quickly can mean the difference between life and death. Firm, continuous direct pressure is the first action used to control most external bleeding. Apply pressure directly over the wound using gauze, a hemostatic dressing, or a clean cloth when available.

Maintain pressure until the bleeding stops, a tourniquet is controlling the bleeding, another trained responder takes over, or the scene becomes unsafe. For life-threatening bleeding that is not controlled by direct pressure, a tourniquet or wound packing may be appropriate depending on the wound’s location and the responder’s training.

Why First Aid for Severe Bleeding Matters

Vehicle crashes, natural disasters, workplace incidents, violent events, and other traumatic injuries can cause severe blood loss. Uncontrolled bleeding can rapidly lead to shock, organ damage, cardiac arrest, and death. Recognizing life-threatening bleeding, calling 911, and beginning immediate bleeding control can help save a life.