First Aid for Severe Bleeding Certification Manual: Recognizing Types of Bleeding

Recognizing Types of Bleeding

Do not delay bleeding control while trying to determine which type of blood vessel is injured. Base the response on the amount and flow of blood, the wound’s location, and the person’s condition.

Internal Bleeding

Internal bleeding occurs inside the body and may not be visible. A bruise is a minor form of bleeding beneath the skin, but significant trauma can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. Call 911 for suspected serious internal bleeding, especially after major trauma or when signs of shock are present.

External Bleeding

External bleeding occurs when blood exits the body through a wound. External bleeding may involve arteries, veins, or capillaries. Apply firm, continuous pressure using gauze, a hemostatic dressing, or a clean cloth. Do not repeatedly lift the dressing to check whether the bleeding has stopped.

Arterial Bleeding

Arterial bleeding occurs when an artery is damaged. The blood may appear bright red and may spurt or pulse from the wound. Because blood can be lost rapidly, uncontrolled arterial bleeding is a life-threatening emergency.

Appearance: Blood may be bright red and may spurt or pulse.

Severity: Potentially life-threatening. Immediately apply firm direct pressure and call 911.

Venous Bleeding

Venous bleeding occurs when a vein is damaged. The blood may appear dark red and usually flows steadily rather than spurting with each heartbeat. Severe venous bleeding can result in rapid, life-threatening blood loss.

Appearance: Blood may be dark red and flow steadily.

Severity: Can be life-threatening. Immediately apply firm direct pressure and call 911 when bleeding is severe.

Capillary Bleeding

Capillary bleeding occurs when small, surface-level blood vessels are damaged. The blood generally oozes or trickles and often clots without advanced bleeding-control measures.

Appearance: Blood generally oozes or trickles slowly.

Severity: Usually minor.