CPR + First Aid Certification Manual: Trauma Emergencies
- 1. CPR Introduction
- 2. Recognizing Cardiac Arrest
- 3. Positioning & Pulse Check
- 4. Compressions for Adults
- 5. Compressions for Infants & Children
- 6. Ventilation Equipment
- 7. Ventilations for Adults
- 8. Ventilations for Infants & Children
- 9. AED Usage
- 10. AED Special Circumstances
- 11. Common CPR Mistakes
- 12. CPR Conclusion
- 13. First Aid Introduction
- 14. Get to Know Your First Aid Kit
- 15. Recognition & Protective Gear
- 16. Medical Emergencies
- 17. Medical Emergencies II
- 18. Trauma Emergencies
- 19. Trauma Emergencies II
- 20. Choking
- 21. Choking Procedures for Adults & Children
- 22. Choking Procedures for Infants
- 23. Aftercare
- 24. Common First Aid Mistakes
- 25. First Aid Conclusion
- MyCPR Now™ Glossary
Types of Open Wounds
Abrasion
Abrasions, also known as scrapes, can be superficial or deep usually involving minimal bleeding. This type of wound is usually painful, but not severe.
Avulsion
Avulsions are wounds where skin has been torn from the body during an accident or injury. This type of wound is usually painful, but rarely severe.
Laceration
Lacerations are wounds characterized by a deep cut or tearing of soft tissue. This type of wound is sometimes severe.
Puncture
Punctures are wounds characterized by a deep penetration of soft tissue. This type of wound is frequently severe.
Bleeding - Minor External
Minor bleeding is usually capillary bleeding. This type of bleeding can usually be controlled by applying pressure to the wound site.
Common Symptoms: Small amount of blood, Trickling blood, Surface level bleeding
First Aid Steps:
1. Ensure scene safety
2. Dial 911 if needed
3. Get PPE and first aid kit
4. Apply direct pressure until bleeding is controlled
5. Clean the wound with water and an antiseptic wipe
6. Place antibiotic salve on the wound
7. Elevate and apply an ice pack (place gauze or bandage on it first if the wound is open)
Special Note: If the bleeding is from the nose (Epistaxis): pinch the nose, tilt the head forward and apply an ice pack to the bridge of the nose.
Bleeding - Significant External
Significant external bleeding is usually venous or arterial bleeding. Though arterial bleeding is more dangerous, anytime the bleeding results from damaged blood vessels, the bleeding might require more than direct pressure to control.
Common Symptoms: Large amount of blood, Spurting blood, Bleeding that is not easily controlled
First Aid Steps:
1. Ensure scene safety
2. Dial 911
3. Get PPE and first aid kit
4. Apply direct pressure
5. Consider using a tourniquet
6. If a tourniquet is used, place it approximately 2 inches above the wound site, avoiding joints
7. Tighten the tourniquet until the bleeding has stopped
8. Note the time the tourniquet was placed
9. Perform CPR if necessary